CH - Improvement In Food Resources
CH - Improvement In Food Resource NCERT e-book | |
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INTRODUCTION
NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Science ( Biology ) Chapter 15: Improvement In Food Resources is an important chapter in the NCERT Class 9 Science syllabus. It is the last chapter in the textbook and it explains the types and varieties of crops around us and how to classify these crops. In this article, we will provide you with detailed CBSE Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 15. At Mindificent, we have our own academic experts who have provided these detailed and step-by-step NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 15. Referring to the NCERT Solutions for Improvement In Food Resources will help you learn how to approach a question/problem and answer/solve it. This, in turn, will help you in your exams. Read on to avail the CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 15.
NCERT IN-TEXT QUESTIONS
1. What do we get from cereals, pulses, fruits and vegetables?
Solution:
2. How do biotic and abiotic factors affect crop production?
Solution:
Crop production goes down due to biotic factors like disease i.e bacteria, fungi, nematodes .etc.
Crop production is also affected by abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, water logging and many other factors.
3. What are the desirable agronomic characteristics for crop improvements?
Solution:
The desirable agronomic characteristics for crop improvement -
4. What are macro-nutrients and why are they called macro-nutrients?
Solution:
Macro-nutrients are nutrients required in relatively large quantities for growth and development of plants. They are total six in number. Since they are required in large quantities, they are known as macro-nutrient ( 'macro' means large). The six macro-nutrients required by plants are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulphur.
5. How do plants get nutrients?
Solution:
Plants obtain carbon and oxygen from air, hydrogen from water and elements from soil through roots by absorption.
6. Compare the use of manure and fertilizers in maintaining soil fertility.
Solution:
Solution:
- We get carbohydrates from cereals.
- Pulses provide us proteins.
- Fruits and vegetables provide us vitamins and minerals.
2. How do biotic and abiotic factors affect crop production?
Solution:
Crop production goes down due to biotic factors like disease i.e bacteria, fungi, nematodes .etc.
Crop production is also affected by abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, water logging and many other factors.
3. What are the desirable agronomic characteristics for crop improvements?
Solution:
The desirable agronomic characteristics for crop improvement -
- Tallness and profuse branching for fodder crops.
- Dwarfness in cereals.
4. What are macro-nutrients and why are they called macro-nutrients?
Solution:
Macro-nutrients are nutrients required in relatively large quantities for growth and development of plants. They are total six in number. Since they are required in large quantities, they are known as macro-nutrient ( 'macro' means large). The six macro-nutrients required by plants are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulphur.
5. How do plants get nutrients?
Solution:
Plants obtain carbon and oxygen from air, hydrogen from water and elements from soil through roots by absorption.
6. Compare the use of manure and fertilizers in maintaining soil fertility.
Solution:
Manures |
Fertilizers |
1. Manures are obtained from animal and plant residue. |
1. Fertilizers are made of inorganic salts and compound. |
2. It adds organic matter to soil in form of humus. |
2. It does not add humus to the soil. |
3. It is not nutrient specific. |
3. It is nutrient specific. |
4. It is voluminous and difficult to store. |
4. It is compact and easy to store. |
5. Manure is cheap and prepared in fields. |
5. Fertilizer is costly and prepared in factories. |
7. Which of the following conditions will give the most benefits? Why?
(a) Farmers use high-quality seeds, do not adopt irrigation or use fertilizers.
(b) Farmers use ordinary seeds, adopt irrigation and use fertilizer.
(c) Farmers use quality seeds, adopt irrigation, use fertilizer and use crop protection measures.
Solution:
Here, '(c) Farmers using good quality seeds, adopting irrigation, using fertilizers, and using crop protection measures' will derive most benefits.
The reasons are -
8. Why should preventive measures and biological control methods be preferred for protecting crops?
Solution:
Preventive measures ensure that crops are protected from harmful biotic and abiotic factors. These factors can cause huge loss of food grains and mankind. It is therefore necessary to take preventive measures to avoid crop loss. Chemical fertilizers cause environmental pollution. On the other hand, biological methods are safer for plants and animals.
9. What factors may be responsible for losses of grains during storage?
Solution:
Biotic factors are responsible for grain damage as follows -
Abiotic factors to affect grain damage by the following ways -
10. Which method is commonly used for improving cattle breeds and why?
Solution:
The method used for improving cattle breed is known as cattle farming. The purpose of cattle farming is to increase the production of milk and drought labor for agricultural work. Dairy animals (females) are used for obtaining milk and drought animals (males) are engaged in agricultural fields for labor work such as carting, irrigation, tilling, etc. Cross breeding between two good varieties of cattle will produce a new improved variety.
For example, the cross between foreign breeds such as Jersey Brown, Swiss (having long lactation periods) and Indian breeds such as Red Sindhi, Sahiwal (having excellent resistance power against diseases) produces a new variety having qualities of both breeds.
11. What management practices are common in dairy and poultry farming?
Solution:
The practices common in management practices are -
12. What are the differences between broilers and layers and in their management?
Solution:
The difference between Broilers and Layers with respect to purpose of breeding are as follows -
13. How are fish obtained ?
Solution:
Fishes are obtained by two methods -
14. What are the desirable characters of bee varieties suitable for honey production?
Solution:
The desirable characteristics of bee varieties are -
15. What is pasturage and how is it related to honey production?
Solution:
Pasturage is the availability of flowers from which bees collect nectar and pollen.
The taste and value of honey depends upon the pasturage.
(a) Farmers use high-quality seeds, do not adopt irrigation or use fertilizers.
(b) Farmers use ordinary seeds, adopt irrigation and use fertilizer.
(c) Farmers use quality seeds, adopt irrigation, use fertilizer and use crop protection measures.
Solution:
Here, '(c) Farmers using good quality seeds, adopting irrigation, using fertilizers, and using crop protection measures' will derive most benefits.
The reasons are -
- The use of good quality seeds increases the total crop production. If a farmer is using good quality seeds, then a majority of the seeds will germinate properly, and will grow into a healthy plant.
- Proper irrigation methods improve the water availability to crops.
- Crop protection measures include various methods to control weeds, pests, and infectious agents. If all these necessary measures are taken by a farmer, then the overall production of crops will increase.
8. Why should preventive measures and biological control methods be preferred for protecting crops?
Solution:
Preventive measures ensure that crops are protected from harmful biotic and abiotic factors. These factors can cause huge loss of food grains and mankind. It is therefore necessary to take preventive measures to avoid crop loss. Chemical fertilizers cause environmental pollution. On the other hand, biological methods are safer for plants and animals.
9. What factors may be responsible for losses of grains during storage?
Solution:
Biotic factors are responsible for grain damage as follows -
- Microbes: Microorganisms like bacteria, molds grow in stored food at high temperature. Thereby, spoiling the food and forming toxic substances.
- Insects: Insects like weevil, grain borer, etc, infect the food grains at high moisture levels. They spoil food in many different ways.
Abiotic factors to affect grain damage by the following ways -
- Moisture: If moisture content exceeds 14% then microbes might attack the crops and infect it.
- Humidity: Humidity increase the growth rate of fungi and moulds.
10. Which method is commonly used for improving cattle breeds and why?
Solution:
The method used for improving cattle breed is known as cattle farming. The purpose of cattle farming is to increase the production of milk and drought labor for agricultural work. Dairy animals (females) are used for obtaining milk and drought animals (males) are engaged in agricultural fields for labor work such as carting, irrigation, tilling, etc. Cross breeding between two good varieties of cattle will produce a new improved variety.
For example, the cross between foreign breeds such as Jersey Brown, Swiss (having long lactation periods) and Indian breeds such as Red Sindhi, Sahiwal (having excellent resistance power against diseases) produces a new variety having qualities of both breeds.
11. What management practices are common in dairy and poultry farming?
Solution:
The practices common in management practices are -
- Proper and hygienic shelter facilities.
- Animals should be kept in well-ventilated houses.
- Proper feeding management.
- Control of insects and pests to avoid diseases.
12. What are the differences between broilers and layers and in their management?
Solution:
The difference between Broilers and Layers with respect to purpose of breeding are as follows -
- Layers are meant for egg production, whereas broilers are meant for poultry meat.
- Nutritional, environmental, and housing conditions required by broilers are different from those required by egg layers.
- A broiler chicken, for their proper growth, requires vitamin rich supplements especially vitamin A and K. Also, their diet includes protein rich food and enough fat. They also require extra care and maintenance to increase their survival rate in comparison to egg layers.
13. How are fish obtained ?
Solution:
Fishes are obtained by two methods -
- Capture Fishing.
- Culture Fishing.
14. What are the desirable characters of bee varieties suitable for honey production?
Solution:
The desirable characteristics of bee varieties are -
- High honey collection capacity.
- They should breed very well.
- Ability to protect themselves from enemies.
15. What is pasturage and how is it related to honey production?
Solution:
Pasturage is the availability of flowers from which bees collect nectar and pollen.
The taste and value of honey depends upon the pasturage.
Take this exciting Quiz #know_yourself -
NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES
1. Explain any one method of crop production which ensures high yield.
Solution:
Any one method of crop production is -
Crop Rotation: It is the practice of growing crops on a single piece of land in a pre-planned succession.
For example, legumes which have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules supply the soil with nitrogen. Therefore, these legumes are rotated with nitrogen requiring cereals such as wheat and maize. This method reduces the need of fertilizers, thereby increasing the overall yield of crops.
2. Why are manures and fertilisers used in fields ?
Solution:
Manures and fertilisers are major source of nutrients to plants. Therefore, the deficiency of plant nutrients and organic matter in the soil is made up of manures and fertilisers to improve crop yield.
3. What are the advantages of inter-cropping and crop rotation?
Solution:
Advantages of Inter-cropping -
Advantages of Crop Rotation -
Solution:
Any one method of crop production is -
Crop Rotation: It is the practice of growing crops on a single piece of land in a pre-planned succession.
For example, legumes which have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules supply the soil with nitrogen. Therefore, these legumes are rotated with nitrogen requiring cereals such as wheat and maize. This method reduces the need of fertilizers, thereby increasing the overall yield of crops.
2. Why are manures and fertilisers used in fields ?
Solution:
Manures and fertilisers are major source of nutrients to plants. Therefore, the deficiency of plant nutrients and organic matter in the soil is made up of manures and fertilisers to improve crop yield.
3. What are the advantages of inter-cropping and crop rotation?
Solution:
Advantages of Inter-cropping -
- It ensures maximum utilization of nutrients.
- It helps to maintain soil fertility.
Advantages of Crop Rotation -
- It is used in replenishment of soil fertility.
- It enhances production by increasing soil fertility.