CH - Matter In Our Surroundings
CH - Matter in our Surroundings NCERT e-book | |
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INTRODUCTION
NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Science ( Chemistry ) Chapter 1: Matter in Our Surroundings is an important chapter in the NCERT Class 9 Science syllabus. It is the first chapter in the textbook and it explains the physical nature of matter and how matter exists around us. In this article, we will provide you with detailed CBSE Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 1. At Mindificent, we have our own academic experts who have provided these detailed and step-by-step NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 1. Referring to the NCERT Solutions for Matter in Our Surroundings will help you learn how to approach a question/problem and answer/solve it. This, in turn, will help you in your exams. Read on to avail the CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 1.
NCERT IN-TEXT QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following are matter?
Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, cold drink, smell of perfume.
Solution: Chair, air, almonds, cold drinks and smell of perfume are matter since they have mass and occupy space.
2. Give reasons for the following observation:
The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several meter away, but to get the smell from cold food you have to go close.
Solution: The particles of hot sizzling food possess large kinetic energy and diffuse in air rapidly. And also because rate of diffusion increase with increase in temperature. Thus, the smell can reach several meter away. Whereas particles of cold food possess less kinetic energy and are not able to reach several meter away.
3. A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool. Which property of matter does this observation show?
Solution: The particles of matter have spaces between them and the inter particle forces of attraction between liquid particles are not very strong. A diver is able to cut through water in swimming pool by applying force to displace the water and occupy it's place.
4. What are the characteristics of particles of matter? [ CBSE 2013 ]
Solution: The characteristics of particles of matter are:
5. The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density (density = mass/volume). Arrange the following in order of increasing density – air, exhaust from chimney, honey, water, chalk, cotton, and iron
Solution:
The given substances in the increasing order of their densities can be represented as:
Exhaust from chimney < Air < Cotton < Water < Honey < Chalk < Iron
6. (a) Tabulate the differences in the characteristics of states of matter.
(b) Comment upon the following: rigidity, compressibility, fluidity, filling a gas container, shape, kinetic energy, and density.
Solution:
Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, cold drink, smell of perfume.
Solution: Chair, air, almonds, cold drinks and smell of perfume are matter since they have mass and occupy space.
2. Give reasons for the following observation:
The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several meter away, but to get the smell from cold food you have to go close.
Solution: The particles of hot sizzling food possess large kinetic energy and diffuse in air rapidly. And also because rate of diffusion increase with increase in temperature. Thus, the smell can reach several meter away. Whereas particles of cold food possess less kinetic energy and are not able to reach several meter away.
3. A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool. Which property of matter does this observation show?
Solution: The particles of matter have spaces between them and the inter particle forces of attraction between liquid particles are not very strong. A diver is able to cut through water in swimming pool by applying force to displace the water and occupy it's place.
4. What are the characteristics of particles of matter? [ CBSE 2013 ]
Solution: The characteristics of particles of matter are:
- All matter is composed of very small particles which can exist independently.
- Particles of matter have spaces between.
- These particles are continuously moving.
- Particles of matter attract each other.
5. The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density (density = mass/volume). Arrange the following in order of increasing density – air, exhaust from chimney, honey, water, chalk, cotton, and iron
Solution:
The given substances in the increasing order of their densities can be represented as:
Exhaust from chimney < Air < Cotton < Water < Honey < Chalk < Iron
6. (a) Tabulate the differences in the characteristics of states of matter.
(b) Comment upon the following: rigidity, compressibility, fluidity, filling a gas container, shape, kinetic energy, and density.
Solution:
PROPERTY |
SOLID |
LIQUID |
GASES |
Shape |
Fixed Shape. |
No fixed Shape. |
No fixed Shape. |
Volume |
Fixed Volume. |
Fixed Volume. |
No fixed Volume. |
Compressiblity |
They cannot be compressed. |
They can be compressed a little. |
They are most compressible. |
Fluidity or Rigidity |
They are rigid. |
They are fluids. |
They are highly mobile. |
Arrangement of molecules |
Tightly Packed. |
Less closely packed than solids. |
Loosely Packed. |
7. Give reasons:
- A gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept.
- A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container.
- A wooden table should be called a solid.
- We can easily move our hand in air, but to do the same through a solid block of wood, we need a karate expert.
- Due to the negligible force of attraction between the particles of gas, a gas completely fills the vessel in which it is kept. Thus, the gas particles move freely in all directions.
- The particles of gas move randomly in all directions at high speed and therefore a gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container. The particles hit each other and also hit the walls of the container with a force. These collisions of the gas particles with the walls of the container exert pressure on the walls of the container.
- A wooden table has a definite shape and It is very rigid and cannot be compressed i.e., it has the characteristics of a solid. Therefore, a wooden table should be called a solid.
- The particles of the air have large inter-molecular spaces and least force of attraction between them and that is why we can easily move our hand in the air, but to do the same through a solid block of wood, we need a karate expert. The particles of solid have a minimum amount of inter-molecular space and maximum force of attraction between them. Thus, a greater amount of force is required to move the particles of solid.
8. Liquids generally have lower density as compared to solids. But you must have observed that ice floats on water. Find out why?
Solution: Density is defined as the mass per unit volume of a substance (density = mass/volume). As the volume of a substance increases, its density decreases.
Ice is a solid, but it has a cage like structure hence there is a large number of empty spaces between its particles as compared to the spaces present between the particles of water.
Therefore, the volume of ice is greater than that of water for a given mass of water. The density of ice is less than that of water. A substance with lower density than water can float on water. Therefore, ice floats on water.
Solution: Density is defined as the mass per unit volume of a substance (density = mass/volume). As the volume of a substance increases, its density decreases.
Ice is a solid, but it has a cage like structure hence there is a large number of empty spaces between its particles as compared to the spaces present between the particles of water.
Therefore, the volume of ice is greater than that of water for a given mass of water. The density of ice is less than that of water. A substance with lower density than water can float on water. Therefore, ice floats on water.
9. What is the physical state of water at?
(a) 250℃ (b) 100℃
Solution:
(a) At 250℃, water exists in a gaseous
(b) At 100℃, water exists in both liquid and gaseous
(a) 250℃ (b) 100℃
Solution:
(a) At 250℃, water exists in a gaseous
(b) At 100℃, water exists in both liquid and gaseous
10. For any substance, why does the temperature remain constant during the change of state?
Solution: For any substances, the temperature remains constant during a change of state. This is because all the heat supplied to increase the temperature is utilized in changing the state by overcoming the forces of attraction between the particles. This heat is called the latent heat. It does not contribute to increasing the temperature of the substance.
11. Suggest a method to liquefy atmospheric gases.
Solution: Atmospheric gases can be liquefied by increasing pressure and reducing the temperature.
12. Why does a desert cooler cool better on a hot dry day?
Solution: A higher rate of evaporation gives a better cooling effect. If the amount of water vapor present in air (humidity) is less, then evaporation is more. On a hot dry day, the amount of water vapor present in air is less. In a desert cooler, the water inside it is made to evaporate. This leads to absorption of energy from the surroundings, thereby cooling the surroundings. Thus, water present inside the desert cooler evaporates, thereby cooling the surroundings more. That is why a desert cooler cools better on a hot dry day.
13. How does water kept in an earthen pot (make) become cool during summers?
Solution: There are many extremely small pores in an earthen pot. Through these pores, the water kept inside the pot keeps on evaporating and takes the latent heat required for vaporization from the earthen pot and remaining water. Thus, it loses heat, and this makes the water inside the pot cool.
14. Why does our palm feel cold when we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on it?
Solution: When we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on our palm, it feels cold due to evaporation. During evaporation, particles of the liquid absorb energy from the surface of the palm. It compensates for the loss of energy and makes the surroundings cool. Hence, our palm feels cold when we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on it.
15. Why are we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than a cup?
Solution: We can sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than a cup because of a larger surface area affecting evaporation. The larger is the surface area, more is the evaporation. Thus, evaporation is faster in a saucer causing a hot tea or milk to cool faster than in a cup.
16. What type of clothes should we wear in summers?
Solution: Clothing made of cotton are usually worn during summer since our body tend to sweat a lot. Cotton is a good absorber of water hence absorbing sweat from our body. It exposes the sweat to the atmosphere, making its evaporation faster.
Solution: For any substances, the temperature remains constant during a change of state. This is because all the heat supplied to increase the temperature is utilized in changing the state by overcoming the forces of attraction between the particles. This heat is called the latent heat. It does not contribute to increasing the temperature of the substance.
11. Suggest a method to liquefy atmospheric gases.
Solution: Atmospheric gases can be liquefied by increasing pressure and reducing the temperature.
12. Why does a desert cooler cool better on a hot dry day?
Solution: A higher rate of evaporation gives a better cooling effect. If the amount of water vapor present in air (humidity) is less, then evaporation is more. On a hot dry day, the amount of water vapor present in air is less. In a desert cooler, the water inside it is made to evaporate. This leads to absorption of energy from the surroundings, thereby cooling the surroundings. Thus, water present inside the desert cooler evaporates, thereby cooling the surroundings more. That is why a desert cooler cools better on a hot dry day.
13. How does water kept in an earthen pot (make) become cool during summers?
Solution: There are many extremely small pores in an earthen pot. Through these pores, the water kept inside the pot keeps on evaporating and takes the latent heat required for vaporization from the earthen pot and remaining water. Thus, it loses heat, and this makes the water inside the pot cool.
14. Why does our palm feel cold when we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on it?
Solution: When we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on our palm, it feels cold due to evaporation. During evaporation, particles of the liquid absorb energy from the surface of the palm. It compensates for the loss of energy and makes the surroundings cool. Hence, our palm feels cold when we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on it.
15. Why are we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than a cup?
Solution: We can sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than a cup because of a larger surface area affecting evaporation. The larger is the surface area, more is the evaporation. Thus, evaporation is faster in a saucer causing a hot tea or milk to cool faster than in a cup.
16. What type of clothes should we wear in summers?
Solution: Clothing made of cotton are usually worn during summer since our body tend to sweat a lot. Cotton is a good absorber of water hence absorbing sweat from our body. It exposes the sweat to the atmosphere, making its evaporation faster.
Take this exciting Quiz #know_yourself -
NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES
1. Convert the following temperatures to Celsius scale.
(a) 293 K (b) 470 K
Solution:
(a) We know,
Temperature in Kelvin = Temperature in ℃+ 273
293 K = (293 – 273) = 20 ℃
(b) We know,
Temperature in Kelvin = Temperature in ℃+ 273
470 K = (470 – 273) = 197 ℃
2. Convert the following temperatures to Kelvin scale.
(a) 25℃ (b) 373℃
Solution:
(a) We know,
Temperature in Kelvin = Temperature in ℃+ 273
293 K = (293 – 273)
= 20 ℃
(b) We know,
Temperature in Kelvin = Temperature in ℃+ 273
470 K = (470 – 273)
= 197 ℃
3. Give reason for the following
Solution:
Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid due to the phenomenon of Sublimation is the change of state from a solid to a gas without the intervention of a liquid state. Thus, naphthalene balls keep on forming naphthalene vapors which disappear into the air with time without leaving any solid.
Gaseous particles possess kinetic energy and has a high speed, moving rapidly in all directions. When perfume is sprayed, the perfume molecules diffuse into the particles of air at a rapid rate and reach our nostrils. This enables us to smell the perfume from several meters away.
4. Arrange the following substances in increasing order of forces of attraction between particles- water, sugar, and oxygen.
Solution:
The increasing order of forces of attraction between the particles of water, sugar and oxygen is
Oxygen < Water < Sugar
5. What is the physical state of water at?
Solution:
6. Give two reasons to justify-
Solution:
Solution:
When ice is at 273 K, it will first take the heat (latent heat) from the medium to convert itself into the water as well as heat energy to attain room temperature.
In case of ice at 273 K, there will be a change in phase, so more energy will be required. In case of water at 273 K, there will be no change in phase.
Hence, less energy will be taken from the surroundings compared to ice. So, at the same temperature of 273 K, a large amount of heat will be removed by ice from the surroundings than in case of water. Therefore, ice at 273 K is more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature.
8. What produces more severe burns, boiling water or steam?
Solution: Steam possesses the additional latent heat of vaporization. When steam comes in contact with skin and condenses to produce water, it gives out 22.5 x 10^5 J/kg more heat than boiling water at the same temperature. Therefore, burns produced by steam are more severe than those produced by boiling water.
9. Name A, B, C, D, E and F in the following diagram showing change in its state:
(a) 293 K (b) 470 K
Solution:
(a) We know,
Temperature in Kelvin = Temperature in ℃+ 273
293 K = (293 – 273) = 20 ℃
(b) We know,
Temperature in Kelvin = Temperature in ℃+ 273
470 K = (470 – 273) = 197 ℃
2. Convert the following temperatures to Kelvin scale.
(a) 25℃ (b) 373℃
Solution:
(a) We know,
Temperature in Kelvin = Temperature in ℃+ 273
293 K = (293 – 273)
= 20 ℃
(b) We know,
Temperature in Kelvin = Temperature in ℃+ 273
470 K = (470 – 273)
= 197 ℃
3. Give reason for the following
- Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any
- We can get the smell of perfume sitting several meters away.
Solution:
Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid due to the phenomenon of Sublimation is the change of state from a solid to a gas without the intervention of a liquid state. Thus, naphthalene balls keep on forming naphthalene vapors which disappear into the air with time without leaving any solid.
Gaseous particles possess kinetic energy and has a high speed, moving rapidly in all directions. When perfume is sprayed, the perfume molecules diffuse into the particles of air at a rapid rate and reach our nostrils. This enables us to smell the perfume from several meters away.
4. Arrange the following substances in increasing order of forces of attraction between particles- water, sugar, and oxygen.
Solution:
The increasing order of forces of attraction between the particles of water, sugar and oxygen is
Oxygen < Water < Sugar
- Sugar is solid; the forces of attraction between the particles of sugar are strong.
- Water is a liquid; the forces of attraction here are weaker than sugar.
- Oxygen is a gas; the forces of attraction are the weakest in gases.
5. What is the physical state of water at?
- 25 °C
- 0 °C
- 250 °C
Solution:
- At 25 °C, water is in the liquid state.
- At 0 °C, water can exist as both solid and liquid.
6. Give two reasons to justify-
- Water at room temperature is a liquid.
- An iron almirah is a solid at room temperature.
Solution:
- At room temperature (25℃, water is a liquid because it possesses the following characteristics of liquid:
- At room temperature (anywhere from 0℃ to 100℃), water is found in a liquid state. This is because of the weak bonds which hold water molecules together for small fractions of a second. Water molecules are constantly on the move. Therefore, at room temperature, water flows
- Water has no shape but has a fixed volume i.e., it occupies the shape of the container in which it is kept.
- An iron almirah is a solid at room temperature (25℃) because:
- It has a definite shape and volume like a solid at room
- It is rigid as solid at room
Solution:
When ice is at 273 K, it will first take the heat (latent heat) from the medium to convert itself into the water as well as heat energy to attain room temperature.
In case of ice at 273 K, there will be a change in phase, so more energy will be required. In case of water at 273 K, there will be no change in phase.
Hence, less energy will be taken from the surroundings compared to ice. So, at the same temperature of 273 K, a large amount of heat will be removed by ice from the surroundings than in case of water. Therefore, ice at 273 K is more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature.
8. What produces more severe burns, boiling water or steam?
Solution: Steam possesses the additional latent heat of vaporization. When steam comes in contact with skin and condenses to produce water, it gives out 22.5 x 10^5 J/kg more heat than boiling water at the same temperature. Therefore, burns produced by steam are more severe than those produced by boiling water.
9. Name A, B, C, D, E and F in the following diagram showing change in its state:
Solution: